How Does End-to-End Encryption Work? | ForteEnd to End Encryption
What Is End-to-End Encryption?
CSG Forte TeamAuthor
Security is a must for software-as-a-service (SaaS) companies handling sensitive consumer data. However, the rise of cyber attacks makes traditional safety measures obsolete. That's where end-to-end encryption (E2EE) comes in. Encrypting data from the moment you send it until it reaches its intended recipient prevents bad actors from altering or accessing confidential information. This allows you to comply with regulations and reduces the risk of breaches.
What Is End-to-End Encryption?
E2EE is a method of encrypting data so that only the sender and recipient can read it. The security method locks the information when it leaves the sender's device until it reaches its destination. Even if someone intercepts the message mid-transit, all they'll see is an unreadable string of characters. This approach all but eliminates third-party access.
Encryption falls into two cryptographic techniques—symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption. In symmetric encryption, the same key is used for encryption and decryption. This method is swift and efficient. However, the challenge lies in securely sharing the encryption key between both parties. If a hacker were to access the key during transit, they could decipher the message.
Asymmetric encryption uses a public key and a private key. The public key is shared openly and is used to encrypt data. The private key is kept secret and is used to decrypt messages. If an attacker were to get the public key, they cannot use it to decrypt the message. E2EE systems use both symmetric and asymmetric encryption. The public-private key pair is used to securely exchange a session key—a temporary symmetric key—which then encrypts the actual data.
How Does End-to-End Encryption Work?
E2EE relies on asymmetric cryptography to scramble information before it leaves the communicator's device and keeps it encoded until it reaches the receiver. The process involves the following steps:
Data encryption: The sender's device receives the original content and uses an encryption algorithm to convert it into an unreadable format called ciphertext .
Transmission: The data then travels across the internet through various networks. Because it is encrypted, unauthorized parties can't read or alter it.
Decryption: When the encrypted data reaches its destination, the recipient's device uses the private key to decrypt it, which converts ciphertext back into readable text.
Authentication: This step verifies that unauthorized users did not tamper with the message during transmission. Digital signatures, hash functions and certificates are commonly used to validate the message's integrity.
Applications of E2E Encryption
E2EE is often associated with messaging apps, but it safeguards various confidential data. Below are its common use cases.
Secure Communication
The most well-known use case of E2EE is securing communication channels, such as messaging apps, emails and voice and video calls. Popular messaging platforms like WhatsApp, Signal and iMessage use the method to protect messages between users. E2EE email services protect emails by encrypting them until they reach the recipient.
With the rise of remote work, businesses rely on video conferencing tools for collaboration. However, if your calls are unprotected, attackers can intercept, record or monitor them. Platforms like Zoom and Microsoft Teams have introduced E2EE options to prevent eavesdropping on private meetings.
Password Management and File Sharing
Without E2EE, passwords stored in a database could be exposed to a breach, which puts users at risk of identity theft and financial fraud. Encrypted password vaults prevent this by protecting users from bad actors.
Cloud-based file-sharing services make it easy to store and collaborate on documents, but they also pose security risks if data is not protected. End-to-end cloud storage platforms provide encryption so that only the user can access their files. Even the service provider cannot read the stored data.
Data Storage
E2EE databases keep data encrypted before it is stored and can only be accessed by authorized users. This is helpful in industries handling sensitive information. If you're a Saas company providing database solutions, integrating E2EE can set you apart from competitors. Customers dealing with regulatory compliance, intellectual property and personal data protection will find value in encrypted solutions.
Is End-to-End Encryption Good?
E2EE is one of the most effective ways to secure digital communications and sensitive data. But, like any security measure, it comes with advantages and challenges.
Benefits of End-to-End Encryption
Here's why businesses should integrate E2EE:
Protects data: Cybercriminals target sensitive financial and personal data. However, cloud-based platforms are not immune to insider threats or external attacks. Using an end-to-end encrypted database means your client's information remains secure. For example, payment processing systems that incorporate E2EE can protect credit card details by encrypting the data when a customer enters it.
Maintains confidentiality and privacy: End-to-end encryption and your privacy go hand in hand. Governments, corporations and other online entities often seek access to sensitive data, sometimes without the knowledge or consent of the user. Industries that rely on confidentiality can store electronic records and share proprietary information safely.
Provides data integrity: With E2EE, encrypted data cannot be altered in transit without detection. This is useful for securing financial transactions, contracts and other important business operations.
Builds user trust and compliance: Consumers are aware of modern digital privacy issues. When a SaaS provider implements E2EE, it shows that their security is a priority. Many industries also have strict compliance requirements that demand high standards of data protection. The method helps businesses meet these legal requirements.
Limitations of End-to-End Encryption
Here are the challenges organizations need to be aware of when using E2EE:
Visible metadata: Even if the content of a message or file is encrypted, metadata—such as who is communicating with whom, when and how often—can still be visible to service providers or attackers. Governments can use metadata to track interactions, even if they can't see what's being said.
Law enforcement concerns: One of the controversial aspects of E2EE is that it prevents law enforcement agencies from accessing data. Governments have raised concerns that this level of security could be exploited without oversight. Some authorities have even proposed requiring backdoors to allow access under specific circumstances, but hackers can also exploit these points.
Man-in-the-middle attacks: E2EE is only effective if encryption keys are exchanged securely. If an attacker steps in and manipulates the key exchange process, they could decrypt messages without either party knowing. This is why extra security measures may be necessary to maintain the integrity of communications.
No defined endpoints: For E2EE to work as intended, the endpoints or the devices where encryption and decryption occur must themselves be secure. If a device is compromised by malware or spyware, an attacker could steal the data from the user's system. This means that strong antivirus software and secure hardware are still important.
Partner With CSG for End-to-End Encrypted Solutions
At CSG, we protect your data from unauthorized access. Our Forte platform keeps information secure from the moment it's created to the moment it reaches its intended recipient. It's a fast and scalable solution that allows you to customize payments for your customers. Our dedicated team also provides support to keep your system resilient against evolving threats. Plus, it's built to meet strict regulatory requirements.
